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The use
of metals, and particularly the ability to melt them
in the bronze age (3000 years before Jesus Christ) marks a decisive
step in the history of human invention which led to the control
of materials and prepared the way for the metallurgy industry
as we know it today.
From the beginning, manufacturing consisted of pouring a
molten metal or alloy into a mold in order to obtain a part
with the same shape as the mold cavity, after the metal solidified.
This process has been used throughout the ages to cast metallic
products made from a wide variety of metals such as cast
iron, steel, aluminium, copper, zinc, magnesium, lead, titanium,
etc.,. The number of metals used is continuously increasing.
When iron working first appeared, founders demonstrated their
exceptionally good control of casting techniques, for
example bronze chariot wheels made of single-piece castings,
and bells transformed into genuine harmonic instruments during
the Xth and XIth centuries.
In 1770, the use of the first coke-heated industrial
cupola furnace, which is more efficient than a blast furnace,
opened up many possibilities for melting new materials.
The transformation of cast iron to steel was discovered
in 1855, and revolutionized the use of metal. The use
of steel expanded so quickly that all guns used by the Prussian
army were made of steel by 1870. The addition of nickel into
steel made it stainless (non-rusting), and stainless steel
was invented by 1878. It is now used in all major industrial
applications, and it is even used in the home.
In the environment field, series production of cast iron
pipes significantly improved comfort in the home as a result
of its widespread use for water pipes and then sewage networks.
Note also the infinitely wide range of lightweight alloys, starting
with aluminium that was first used industrially in 1886.
The low weight of cast parts and their strength are now the
reasons why they are used in all the main transport innovations
of our century including the TGV high speed train, Airbus, Ariane,
Boeing, automobiles, etc.
And in particular we should not forget the car, which is the
symbol of the new freedom that came with paid holidays. More
than 50% of cast iron parts are made for cars, combining
strength, safety and esthetics.
Nodular
graphite cast iron was invented in about 1945, and
revolutionized the use of cast iron that became just as strong
as steel and also had elastic characteristics. Cast irons known
as being brittle in the XIX century became ductile after the
second world war.
There are no limits to the applications of casting. Cast parts
are the basic raw materials for everything that runs
or flies, and that moves on or under water ...
... and everything that communicates : zamac (zinc alloy)
has been widely used for hi-fi applications for many years,
and was introduced into mobile telephones at the beginning of
1990.
Cast part manufacturers work to individual specifications written
by industrial customers and local communities. Increasingly
efficient alloys satisfy safety, lightweight and reliability
criteria. They are lightweight, strong and adaptable to all
types of uses, and are some of the advanced technology materials
that are continuously accompanying changes to our civilization
at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
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